Introduction
A brief walk through of mapping a sample Photo Archive record from the Getty.
Sample Record
{
"artist_name_1": "Rubens, Peter Paul",
"artist_dates_1": "1577-1640",
"artist_role_1": "Painter",
"brief_citation": "Vlieghe, CorpRub 8 (1972-73), no.144.",
"category": "PAINTINGS",
"collection_type": "Public",
"curr_owner_inst": "Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Palazzo Corsini",
"curr_regn_dist": "Lazio",
"curr_city": "Rome",
"curr_country": "Italy",
"curr_province": "Roma",
"date": "ca. 1604",
"dimension_units1": "cm",
"excollections_provenance": "Cardinal Neri Corsini (1685-1770); Purchased by the Italian government form Prince Tommaso Corsini (1884)",
"filing_category": "Religious, Devotional",
"gcpa_acc_no": "292221",
"height_1": "153",
"media_materials": "Oil on canvas",
"name_title": "St. Sebastian",
"national_school_1": "Flemish",
"photo_collection": "Erwin Panofsky Collection",
"photo_color": "Bl/Wh",
"photo_source": "Anderson",
"photo_src_ref": "1195",
"reference_number": "Inv. 388",
"width_1": "118"
}
Which describes a photograph of a painting of St Sebastian being tended by angels. You can see information about the painting at these sites:
The current, aging, online record built from the information above looks like:
Overview
The model for the photo archive is divided into two main parts: the description of the photograph and its provenance, and the description of the artwork depicted in the photograph. Both are treated as valuable objects in their own right.
The Photograph
The photograph in the archive does not have many properties in this record. Most are about the object depicted in the photograph.
In particular:
gcpa_acc_no
: the Getty Accession numberphoto_color
: whether the photograph is black and white, or colorphoto_collection
: the original photographer or collector's collectionphoto_source
: who the Getty acquired the photograph fromphoto_src_ref
: the source's reference number for the photograph
Other records also have:
photo_date
: the date the photograph was takenphoto_coll_ref
: the reference number in the original collectionshelf_number
: the (older) shelf-based reference number the photographacquisition_date
: the date the photograph was acquiredphoto_notes
: freetext notes about the photograph
The mapping approach is:
- The photograph itself is an object
- The
gcpa_acc_no
,photo_src_ref
andphoto_coll_ref
values are identifiers, with collection specific contexts - The transaction between the
photo_source
and the Getty is modeled according to the provenance model - The
photo_date
provides the timespan for the creation of the photograph (we do not distinguish between the act of photographing and printing of the physical photograph) - The
photo_notes
information is a note associated with the object, modeled in the same way as other descriptive texts. - The photograph then shows an image, which represents the art object, as described under depiction
This results in the model:
The Depicted Object
The rest of the information is about the object depicted.
- The
artist*
fields,national_school
anddate
provide the creation information and information about the artist. name_title
is the title of the object- The
current*
fields,reference_number
andcollection_type
are the last known location and owner of the object, described using the provenance model height
,width
anddimension_units
plusmedia_materials
are the physical characteristics of the objectcategory
is object type, andfiling_category
is the subject.excollections_provenance
is further known provenance information
Mapping in Detail
The Photograph
We create a ManMadeObject
to represent the photograph, by checking the photo_color
property to see whether it should be black and white (aat:300128359), color (aat:300128347) or if not present, then just a photograph (aat:300046300).
We construct a label for the photograph based on this type and the name of the object depicted.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/object/11",
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300128359",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Black and White Photograph",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
}
]
}
We create an Identifier for the Accession Number, and type it as (aat:300312355). This is referenced from the photograph with the identified_by
property.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/Identifier/0",
"type": "Identifier",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300312355",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Accession Number"
}
],
"content": "292221"
}
A second Identifier
for Anderson's identifier is created. This identifier is associated with the source collection. We also create an Acquisition activity, by which the photograph is acquired by The Getty. This is not shown in the example below, but is shown in the full description of the photograph.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/object/12",
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300128359",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Black and White Photograph",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
}
],
"member_of": [
{
"type": "Set",
"_label": "Collection of Anderson",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300025976",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Collection"
}
],
"created_by": {
"type": "Creation",
"carried_out_by": [
{
"type": "Actor",
"_label": "Anderson"
}
]
}
}
]
}
We create the original collection, despite only having a label for it.
The above needs work, as the Anderson Collection does not currently aggregate the photograph. See Issue 147.
Plus we link the, as of yet unconfigured, Painting resource to it via a VisualItem
.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/object/13",
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300128359",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Black and White Photograph",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
}
],
"member_of": [
{
"type": "Set",
"_label": "Erwin Panofsky Collection",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300025976",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Collection"
}
]
}
],
"shows": [
{
"type": "VisualItem",
"_label": "Image on Photograph",
"represents": [
{
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Painting",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
},
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Artwork"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
We can thus fill in the data about the photograph to our model:
The Art Object
We can fill out a lot of details about the object itself. In particular, it has a Title (which we also associate with the object directly as a label), height and width dimensions in centimetres, and a parseable materials statement. We record both the statement as a LinguisticObject
, as well as breaking the information out into machine readable material and part resources.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/object/14",
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "St. Sebastian",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Painting",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
},
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Artwork"
}
],
"identified_by": [
{
"type": "Name",
"content": "St. Sebastian"
}
],
"referred_to_by": [
{
"type": "LinguisticObject",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435429",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Material Statement",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300418049",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Brief Text"
}
]
}
],
"content": "Oil on canvas"
}
],
"dimension": [
{
"type": "Dimension",
"_label": "Height",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055644",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Height"
}
],
"value": 153,
"unit": {
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098",
"type": "MeasurementUnit",
"_label": "centimeters"
}
},
{
"type": "Dimension",
"_label": "Width",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055647",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Width"
}
],
"value": 118,
"unit": {
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098",
"type": "MeasurementUnit",
"_label": "centimeters"
}
}
],
"made_of": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015050",
"type": "Material",
"_label": "oil"
}
],
"part": [
{
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "Canvas Support",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014844",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Support",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300241583",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Part Type"
}
]
}
],
"made_of": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014078",
"type": "Material",
"_label": "canvas"
}
]
}
]
}
Now we can tackle the creation of the painting. The activity is a Production
, which was carried out by the artist at a particular point in time. We know the artist's name and their birth and death dates, and an approximate date for the activity.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/Production/0",
"type": "Production",
"timespan": {
"type": "TimeSpan",
"_label": "ca. 1604",
"begin_of_the_begin": "1603-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"end_of_the_end": "1606-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"carried_out_by": [
{
"type": "Person",
"_label": "Rubens, Peter Paul",
"born": {
"type": "Birth",
"timespan": {
"type": "TimeSpan",
"_label": "1577",
"begin_of_the_begin": "1577-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"end_of_the_end": "1578-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
},
"died": {
"type": "Death",
"timespan": {
"type": "TimeSpan",
"_label": "1640",
"begin_of_the_begin": "1640-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"end_of_the_end": "1641-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
}
]
}
Due to research by the photo archive catalogers, we know a relatively recent (if not necessarily absolutely current) owner, location and identifier for the object. The owner and identifer follow the same pattern as for the identifiers of the photograph.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/object/15",
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "St. Sebastian",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Painting",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
},
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Artwork"
}
],
"member_of": [
{
"type": "Set",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300025976",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Collection"
},
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300411912",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Public Collection"
}
],
"created_by": {
"type": "Creation",
"carried_out_by": [
{
"type": "Group",
"_label": "Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Palazzo Corsini"
}
]
}
}
]
}
And its current location is very well described in the data, so we map all of it in this example. However, this is not a recommended pattern and instead a gazetter or vocabulary such as TGN or Geonames should be used instead. Only places that do not have existing identities should have new identities created. Instead, the city of Rome should be identified as tgn:7000874-place
and then the TGN hierarchy used for the province, region, and country.
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/place/1",
"type": "Place",
"_label": "Rome",
"part_of": [
{
"type": "Place",
"_label": "Roma",
"part_of": [
{
"type": "Place",
"_label": "Lazio",
"part_of": [
{
"type": "Place",
"_label": "Italy"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
And a few additional features for the provenance statement, a brief citation and a category:
{
"@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
"id": "https://linked.art/example/object/16",
"type": "HumanMadeObject",
"_label": "St. Sebastian",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Painting",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435443",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Type of Work"
}
]
},
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Artwork"
}
],
"referred_to_by": [
{
"type": "LinguisticObject",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300435438",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Provenance Statement",
"classified_as": [
{
"id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300418049",
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Brief Text"
}
]
}
],
"content": "Cardinal Neri Corsini (1685-1770); Purchased by the Italian government form Prince Tommaso Corsini (1884)"
},
{
"type": "LinguisticObject",
"_label": "Vlieghe, CorpRub 8 (1972-73), no.144."
}
],
"carries": [
{
"type": "InformationObject",
"about": [
{
"type": "Type",
"_label": "Religious, Devotional"
}
]
}
]
}
Putting all of the above together gives us a full description of the artwork depicted in the photograph.